ORIGINAL ARTICLE
FROM HAIR BUNDLE TO EARDRUM: AN EXTENDED MODEL FOR THE GENERATION OF SPONTANEOUS OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS BY THE LIZARD EAR
| 1 | Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen
University of Groningen, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), Netherlands |
| 2 | John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia |
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article;
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Hero P. Wit
Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
Submission date: 2022-03-05
Final revision date: 2022-05-23
Acceptance date: 2022-05-30
Publication date: 2022-06-30
J Hear Sci 2022;12(2):9–19
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Background:
An earlier oscillator model for the generation of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) from the lizard ear is extended with a connection of the oscillators to the basilar papilla, to make it possible that these SOAEs can be transported to the tympanic membrane, to be emitted.
Material and methods:
The generators of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are modelled as a one-dimensional array of Hopf-resonators. The resonators (or oscillators) are coupled to their neighbours, and to the basilar papilla. The papilla is modelled as a rigid structure, that is flexibly connected to its surroundings.
Results:
Frequency spectra are given for different sets of coupling parameters, both for nearest neighbour coupling of the oscillators, and for coupling to the papilla, and also after the introduction of irregularities in the damping of the oscillators. Waterfall and density plots show clustering of the oscillators in frequency plateaus, and entrainment of a cluster of oscillators by an externally applied sinusoidal force. All these model outcomes correspond with characteristics of SOAEs emitted by real lizard ears.
Conclusions:
The present model is a useful extension of an earlier model. Because its characteristics differ from that of a model that is used to describe the generation of SOAEs by mammalian ears, it revives the discussion whether different models are needed for SOAE generation in different animal species.
An earlier oscillator model for the generation of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) from the lizard ear is extended with a connection of the oscillators to the basilar papilla, to make it possible that these SOAEs can be transported to the tympanic membrane, to be emitted.
Material and methods:
The generators of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are modelled as a one-dimensional array of Hopf-resonators. The resonators (or oscillators) are coupled to their neighbours, and to the basilar papilla. The papilla is modelled as a rigid structure, that is flexibly connected to its surroundings.
Results:
Frequency spectra are given for different sets of coupling parameters, both for nearest neighbour coupling of the oscillators, and for coupling to the papilla, and also after the introduction of irregularities in the damping of the oscillators. Waterfall and density plots show clustering of the oscillators in frequency plateaus, and entrainment of a cluster of oscillators by an externally applied sinusoidal force. All these model outcomes correspond with characteristics of SOAEs emitted by real lizard ears.
Conclusions:
The present model is a useful extension of an earlier model. Because its characteristics differ from that of a model that is used to describe the generation of SOAEs by mammalian ears, it revives the discussion whether different models are needed for SOAE generation in different animal species.
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