Current Issue
Online First
Volumes and Issues
For Authors
Manuscript Guidelines
Review Process
Conflict of Interest
Copyright
About the Journal
Editorial Board
Aim and Scope
Policy and Ethical Guidelines
Promotion of the Journal
Print-Version Subscription
Publisher and Contact Information
Contact Information
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
RESULTS OF THE USE OF SPPS-S® (STIMULATION OF POLYMODAL SENSORY PERCEPTION BY SKARŻYŃSKI) BASED ON 4009 PATIENTS WITH CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDER
1
Teleaudiology and Screening Department, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiolgy and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland
2
Institute of Sensory Organs, Kajetany, Poland
3
Oto-Rhino-Laryngosurgery Clinic, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw/Kajetany, Poland
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article;
Submission date: 2026-02-05
Final revision date: 2026-03-26
Acceptance date: 2026-03-26
Online publication date: 2026-03-31
Corresponding author
Natalia Czajka
Teleaudiology and Screening Department, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiolgy and Pathology of Hearing, Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland
Teleaudiology and Screening Department, World Hearing Center, Institute of Physiolgy and Pathology of Hearing, Mochnackiego 10, 02-042 Warsaw, Poland
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) significantly impair auditory, cognitive, and communicative functioning. Effective rehabilitation requires comprehensive therapeutic approaches integrating multisensory stimulation and modern telemedicine solutions. This study aimed to present the Skarzynski’s Polymodal Sensory Perception Stimulation (SPPS-S®) method and evaluate its effectiveness based on outcomes from over 4,000 patients with CAPD.
Material and methods:
The analysis included 4009 patients who underwent SPPS-S® therapy and a control group of 30 individuals. Auditory processing abilities were assessed using the Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), Duration Pattern Test (DPT), and Dichotic Digit Test (DDT), before and after approximately 3 months of therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results:
Statistically significant improvements were observed in all assessed auditory processing parameters following SPPS-S® therapy (p < 0.05), in both pediatric and adult populations. No significant changes were found in the control group.
Conclusions:
SPPS-S® is an effective, safe, and versatile therapeutic method for CAPD rehabilitation, suitable for both in-clinic and home-based settings, including telemedicine-supported therapy.
Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) significantly impair auditory, cognitive, and communicative functioning. Effective rehabilitation requires comprehensive therapeutic approaches integrating multisensory stimulation and modern telemedicine solutions. This study aimed to present the Skarzynski’s Polymodal Sensory Perception Stimulation (SPPS-S®) method and evaluate its effectiveness based on outcomes from over 4,000 patients with CAPD.
Material and methods:
The analysis included 4009 patients who underwent SPPS-S® therapy and a control group of 30 individuals. Auditory processing abilities were assessed using the Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), Duration Pattern Test (DPT), and Dichotic Digit Test (DDT), before and after approximately 3 months of therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results:
Statistically significant improvements were observed in all assessed auditory processing parameters following SPPS-S® therapy (p < 0.05), in both pediatric and adult populations. No significant changes were found in the control group.
Conclusions:
SPPS-S® is an effective, safe, and versatile therapeutic method for CAPD rehabilitation, suitable for both in-clinic and home-based settings, including telemedicine-supported therapy.
FUNDING
Enhancement of an innovative device and the therapy implemented with its use, dedicated to patients with auditory processing disorders” – A project co-financed by the European Union from the European Regional Development Fund under the Smart Growth Operational Programme, Priority Axis 1, Measure 1.1, Sub-measure 1.1.1 “Industrial research and experimental development carried out by enterprises”, within the framework of the National Centre for Research and Development competition No. 2/1.1.1/2019 – Fast Track.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The method presented in this manuscript was originally developed by Henryk Skarzynski, whose surname forms part of the method’s name. Because both Henryk Skarzynski and Piotr H. Skarzynski are co‑authors of this article, this circumstance may reasonably be viewed as a potential competing interest. The authors declare that this relationship did not influence the study design, data interpretation, or conclusions.
REFERENCES (37)
2.
Bellis TJ, Anzalone AM. Intervention approaches for individuals with (central) auditory processing disorder. CICSD; 2008; 35(Fall): 143–53. https://doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_....
3.
Ferguson MA, Hall RL, Riley A, Moore DR. Communication, listening, cognitive and speech perception skills in children with auditory processing disorder (APD) or specific language impairment (SLI). J Speech Lang Hear Res, 2011; 54(1): 211–27. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4...).
4.
Keith R. Auditory processing disorders – progress in understanding the nature of the disorder. Otorynolaryngologia, 2004; 7–14.
5.
Wilson WJ, Arnott W. Using different criteria to diagnose (central) auditory processing disorder: how big a difference does it make? J Speech Lang Hear Res, 2013; 56(1): 63–70.
6.
Wilson WJ, Heine C, Harvey LA. Central auditory processing and central auditory processing disorder: fundamental questions and considerations. Aust NZ J Audiol, 2004; 26(2): 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1375/audi.2....
7.
Czajka N, Skarzynski PH, Skarzynski H. [Difficulties with central auditory processing disorders from the perspective of physicians, certification institutions, and patients]. Now Audiofonol, 2021; 10(1): 53–7 [in Polish]. https://doi.org/10.17431/10.1.....
8.
Skoczylas A, Lewandowska M, Pluta A, Kurkowski ZM, Skarżyński H. [Central auditory processing disorders – guidelines for diagnosis and therapy]. Now Audiofonol, 2012; 1(1): 11–18 [in Polish]. https://doi.org/10.17431/88277....
9.
Skoczylas A, Cieśla K, Kurkowski ZM, Czajka N, Skarżyński H. [Central auditory processing disorders: diagnostic tools and therapeutic methods used in Poland]. Now Audiofonol, 2012; 1(3): 51–5 [in Polish]. https://doi.org/10.17431/88330....
10.
Rosińska A, Kurkowski ZM, Lewandowska M, Cieśla K, Ganc M, Skarżyński H. [The effects of Auditory Stimulation (SPS-S) on speech fluency and central auditory functions in stuttering children]. Now Audiofonol, 2012; 1(1): 87–93 [in Polish]. https://doi.org/10.17431/88278....
11.
Bush ML, Thompson R, Irungu C, Ayugi J. The role of telemedicine in auditory rehabilitation: a systematic review. Otol Neurotol, 2016; 37(10): 1466–74. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.00....
12.
Cherney LR, van Vuuren S. Telerehabilitation, virtual therapists, and acquired neurologic speech and language disorders. Semin Speech Lang, 2012; 33(3): 243–57. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032....
13.
Glinkowski WM, Karlińska M, Karliński M, Krupiński EA. Telemedicine and eHealth in Poland from 1995 to 2015. Adv Clin Exp Med, 2018; 27(2): 277–82. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/....
14.
Dawes P, Bishop DVM. Psychometric profile of children with auditory processing disorder and children with dyslexia. Arch Dis Child, 2010; 95(6): 432–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.20....
15.
Moore DR, Ferguson MA, Edmondson-Jones AM, Ratib S, Riley A. Nature of auditory processing disorder in children. Pediatrics, 2010; 126(2): e382–90.
16.
Musiek FE. The frequency pattern test. A guide. Hear J, 2002; 55(6): 58. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HJ.....
17.
Skarzynski PH, Czajka N, Zdanowicz R, Kolodziejak A, Bukato E, Talark M, et al. Normative values for tests of central auditory processing disorder in children aged from 6 to 12 years old. J Commun Disord, 2024; 109: 106426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcom....
18.
Skarżynski PH, Czajka N, Gos E, Skarżyński H. The Stimulation of Polymodal Sensory Perception by Skarżyński (SPPS-S): comparison of stationary and remote therapy results. Finn J eHealth eWelfare, 2023; 15(1): 89–95. https://doi.org/10.23996/fjhw.....
19.
Katz J. Handbook of Clinical Audilogy. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
20.
Ross-Swain D. The effects of auditory stimulation on auditory processing disorder: a summary of the findings. Int J List, 2007; 21(2): 140–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/109040....
21.
Kocyła-Łukasiewicz A. [Johansen Individualised Auditory Stimulation (JIAS) method – application in the therapy of hearing difficulties. A case study]. Logop Silesiana, 2020; (9): 9 [in Polish]. https://doi.org/10.31261/LOGOP....
22.
Kawai H, Kishimoto M, Okahisa Y, Sakamoto S, Terada S, Takaki M. Initial outcomes of the safe and sound protocol on patients with adult autism spectrum disorder: exploratory pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023; 20(6): 4862. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
23.
Bangert M, Schlaug G. Specialization of the specialized in features of external human brain morphology. Eur J Neurosci, 2006; 24(6): 1832–4. https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/j.....
24.
Schlaug G, Norton A, Overy K, Winner E. Effects of music training on the child’s brain and cognitive development. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 2005; 1060: 219–30. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals....
25.
Besson M, Schön D, Moreno S, Santos A, Magne C. Influence of musical expertise and musical training on pitch processing in music and language. Restor Neurol Neurosci, 2007; 25(3–4): 399–410.
26.
Chugani HT, Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC. Positron emission tomography study of human brain functional development. Ann Neurol, 1987; 22(4): 487–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.41....
27.
Fujioka T, Ross B, Kakigi R, Pantev C, Trainor LJ. One year of musical training affects development of auditory cortical-evoked fields in young children. Brain J Neurol, 2006; 129(Pt 10): 2593–608. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/....
28.
Hyde KL, Lerch J, Norton A, et al. Musical training shapes structural brain development. J Neurosci, 2009; 29(10): 3019–25. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEURO....
29.
Kraus N, ChandrasekaranB B. Music training for the development of auditory skills. Nat Rev Neurosci, Nat Rev Neurosci; 2010; 11(8). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn288....
30.
Strait D, Kraus N. Playing Music for a Smarter Ear: Cognitive, Perceptual and Neurobiological Evidence. Music Percept, 2011; 29(2): 133. https://doi.org/10.1525/MP.201....
31.
Malak R, Mojs E, Ziarko M, Wieche? K, Sudol A, Samborski W. The role of Tomatis sound therapy in the treatment of difficulties in reading in children with developmental dyslexia. J Psychol Cogn, 2017; 2(1). https://doi.org/10.35841/psych....
32.
Cooper EB, Cooper CS. Clinician attitudes towards stuttering: Two decades of change. J Fluen Disord, 1996; 21(2): 119–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-7....
33.
Kurkowski Z. Prób sylabowa do oceny niepłynności mówienia. Instytut Fizjologii i Patologii Słuchu; 2003: 37 [in Polish].
34.
Kurkowski Z. Test rozdzielnousznego słyszenia – podręcznik użytkownika. Warszawa: Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Osób Niesłyszących „Czlowiek – Czlowiekowi”; 2007 [in Polish].
35.
Czajka N, Grudzień D, Pluta A, Kurkowski ZM, Ganc M, Cieśla K, et al. [Effects of Auditory Stimulation Therapy (SPS-S) in children with auditory attention deficits and central auditory processing disorder]. Now Audiofonol, 2012; 1(1): 79–86 [in Polish]. https://doi.org/10.17431/88278....
36.
Mularzuk M, Skarżyński H, Szkiełkowska A, Czajka N. Ewaluacja testu uwagi słuchowej u dzieci ze specjalnymi potrzebami edukacyjnymi po zastosowaniu terapii dźwiękowej. Niepełnosprawność, 2018; 29: 132–47 [in Polish].
37.
Tremblay KL, Kraus N. Auditory training induces asymmetrical changes in cortical neural activity. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 2002; 45(3): 564–72. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2002/045).
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
