Current Issue
Volumes and Issues
For Authors
Manuscript Guidelines
Review Process
Conflict of Interest
Copyright
About the Journal
Editorial Board
Aim and Scope
Policy and Ethical Guidelines
Promotion of the Journal
Print-Version Subscription
Publisher and Contact Information
Contact Information
Sign in
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDIZATION OF
HIGH FREQUENCY WORD LISTS IN NEPALI
1
Department of Audiology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Manasagangothri,
Mysore, Karnataka, India
2
Department of ENT, Tribhubhan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
3
Department of Audiology and Speech Therapy, C.U. Shah Medical College and Hospital,
Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article;
Publication date: 2019-09-30
Corresponding author
Anuj Kumar Neupane
Anuj Kumar Neupane, Department of Audiology and Speech Therapy, C.U. Shah Medical College and Hospital, Surendranagar 363001, Gujarat, India; email: anujkneupane@gmail.com, tel. +918792482481
Anuj Kumar Neupane, Department of Audiology and Speech Therapy, C.U. Shah Medical College and Hospital, Surendranagar 363001, Gujarat, India; email: anujkneupane@gmail.com, tel. +918792482481
J Hear Sci 2019;9(3):53-59
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Background:
Speech is a stimulus with high redundancy because the information in it is conveyed in several ways simultaneously. Because of redundancy, a regular speech identification test is largely insensitive to identifying high frequency hearing loss in a subject. The present study aimed to develop and standardise a word list in the Nepali language in which the selected words have elevated high frequency content.
Material and Methods:
The study was conducted in three phases. The first stage was to develop a high frequency word list, which was completed by gathering familiar bisyllabic words, recording them, and then selecting words dominant in high frequencies. In stage 2, the developed word list was administered to 100 individuals with normal hearing. In stage 3, the final lists were administered to 10 individuals with simulated high frequency hearing loss in order to determine the usefulness of the list. Finally, 7 psychometrically equivalent word lists with 20 words per list were developed.
Results:
Normal hearing individuals showed Speech Identification Scores of more than 95% whereas in the case of the simulated high frequency loss group, significantly poorer speech identification scores were obtained.
Conclusions:
This present study standardised high frequency word lists in Nepali and all the lists were validated in subjects with simulated high frequency hearing loss. Hence, this can be used as a standard high frequency word list in the Nepali population.
Speech is a stimulus with high redundancy because the information in it is conveyed in several ways simultaneously. Because of redundancy, a regular speech identification test is largely insensitive to identifying high frequency hearing loss in a subject. The present study aimed to develop and standardise a word list in the Nepali language in which the selected words have elevated high frequency content.
Material and Methods:
The study was conducted in three phases. The first stage was to develop a high frequency word list, which was completed by gathering familiar bisyllabic words, recording them, and then selecting words dominant in high frequencies. In stage 2, the developed word list was administered to 100 individuals with normal hearing. In stage 3, the final lists were administered to 10 individuals with simulated high frequency hearing loss in order to determine the usefulness of the list. Finally, 7 psychometrically equivalent word lists with 20 words per list were developed.
Results:
Normal hearing individuals showed Speech Identification Scores of more than 95% whereas in the case of the simulated high frequency loss group, significantly poorer speech identification scores were obtained.
Conclusions:
This present study standardised high frequency word lists in Nepali and all the lists were validated in subjects with simulated high frequency hearing loss. Hence, this can be used as a standard high frequency word list in the Nepali population.
FUNDING
This research did not receive any specific grant from
funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-forprofit sectors.
REFERENCES (25)
1.
Niemeyer W. Speech audiometry with sentences. I. Principles and test material of the diagnosis of whole speech perception, HNO, 1967; 15 (11): 335–43.
2.
Goldinger SD, Pisoni DB, Logan JS. On the nature of talker variability effects on recall of spoken word lists. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 1991;17(1):152.
3.
Gardner HJ. Application of high frequency consonant discrimination word list in hearing aid evaluation. J Speech Hear Dis, 1971;36(3): 354–55.
4.
Dubno JR, Dirks DD, Schaefer AB. Stop‐consonant recognition for normal‐hearing listeners and listeners with high‐frequency hearing loss. II: Articulation index predictions. J Acoust Soc Am, 1989; 85(1): 355–64.
5.
Waghmare P, Mohite J, Gore G. Development of Marathi speech recognition test (pediatric): a preliminary report. J Indian Speech Hear Assoc, 2011; 25(1): 59–64.
6.
Kryter KD, Williams C, Green DM. Auditory acuity and the perception of speech. J Acoust Soc Am, 1962; 34(9A): 1217–23.
7.
Kuk F, Keenan D, Korhonen P, Lau C. Efficacy of linear frequency transposition on consonant identification in quiet and in noise. J Am Acad Audiol, 2009; 20(8): 465–79.
8.
Maroonroge S, Diefendorf AO. Comparing normal hearing and hearing-impaired subject’s performance on the Northwestern Auditory test Number 6, California Consonant Test, and Pascoe’s High-Frequency Word Test. Ear Hear, 1984; 5(6), 356–60.
9.
Sher AE, Owens E. Consonant confusions associated with hearing loss above 2000 Hz. J Speech Hear Res, 1974; 17(4): 669–81.
10.
Pascoe DP. Frequency responses of hearing aids and their effects on the speech perception of hearing-impaired subjects. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 1975; 84(23 Suppl.): 3–40.
11.
Jerger J, Jerger S. Diagnostic significance of PB word functions. Arch Otolaryngol, 1971; 93(6): 573–80.
12.
Owens E, Schubert ED. Development of the California Consonant Test. J Speech Hear Res, 1977; 20(3): 463–74.
13.
Lacroix PG, Harris JD, Randolph K. Multiplicative effects on sentence comprehension for combined acoustic distortions. ASHA; 1979.
14.
Ramachandra P. High Frequency Speech Identification Test for Hindi. Unpublished Master’s Dissertation. University of Bangalore, India; 2001.
15.
Kavitha EM. High Frequency Kannada Speech Identification Test (HF-KST). University of Mysore; 2002.
16.
Sudipta KB. High Frequency-English Speech Identification Test (HF-ESIT). University of Mysore; 2006.
17.
Sinthiya KM. High Frequency Speech Identification Test in Tamil. University of Mysore; 2009.
18.
Ratnakar YV. High Frequency Speech Identification Test in Telugu. University of Mysore; 2010.
19.
Nakhawa SC. Development and evaluation of High Frequency Word Identification Test for children in Indian-English (HF-WITCIE). University of Mysore; 2017.
20.
De NS. Hindi PB list for speech audiometry and discrimination test. Ind J Otolaryngol, 1973; 25(2): 64–75.
21.
Singh S, Black JW. Study on 26 intervocalic consonants as spoken and recognised by four language groups. J Acoust Soc Am, 1966; 39: 372–87.
22.
Little P, Bridges A, Guragain R, Friedman D, Prasad R, Weir N. Hearing impairment and ear pathology in Nepal. J Laryngol Otol, 1993; 107(5): 395–400.
23.
Lal KS. A Screening Picture Speech Identification Test for Nepali speaking children. Nepal J ENT Head Neck Surg, 2012; 3(2): 15.
24.
Ghimire A. Development of Low Frequency word lists in Nepali Language. University of Mysore; 2019.
25.
Martin FN, Armstrong TW, Champlin CA. A survey of audiological practices in the United States. Am J Audiol, 1994; 3(2), 20–26.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
